Monday, May 30, 2011

KVM delegation meeting with PAU


30 May,2011

To submit Beej Swaraj Charter Kheti Virasat Mission seeks an appointment with the acting Vice Chancellor of Punjab Agriculture University along with PAU faculty. We are glad that Vice Chancellor of Punjab Agriculture University Shri N S Kang IAS given directions to PAU faculty to have a full fledged meeting with delegation of Beej Swaraj Conference.

On 30th May after Conference a delegation of Beej Swaraj Conference participants which includes Dr Amar Singh Azad (Working President KVM) ; Umendra Dutt, Sukhdev Singh Bhopal ( Human Nature Centric People’s Movement) ; Sukhdev Singh Kokrikalan, Prof Jagmohan Singh and large number of KVM farmers. From PAU side those were present are Dr Satbir Singh Gosal, Director Research; Dr Ashok Dhawan, Addill DR; Dr M S Gill, Director Extension; Dr Raj Kumar Mehay, Registrar; Dr Kuldeep Singh, Director Biotechnology Center; Dr Manjeet Singh Gill, HoD Plant Breading and Genetics; Dr Gurmeet Singh Bhttar, HoD, Agronomy; Dr Sarabjeet Singh Bal, Director Seed; Dr H S Randhawa, Senior Plant Pathologist; Dr Geeta Bassi, Seed Technologist, Dr Gurbhajan Gill, Director Public Relations and Dr Nirmal Jora Joint Director PRs.

Agenda and charter of demands for the meeting was handed over to the PAU expert’s panel. The aim of this dialogue over Beej Swaraj Charter is to create a conducive and encouraging environment that contributes to mutual cooperation. During the discussion following points were put forward

The university policy that for various reasons of sustainability of Agriculture in Punjab diversification is a declared policy, hence any attempts by farmers in diversification will get full support from P A U. The university has a very rich scientific knowledge and experience on all diversified areas of agriculture production and management, hence the farmer groups come out with their requirements and are ready to try diversified agricultural practices, university will be very happy to provide all scientific and training inputs to such collectives of farmers.
It was appreciated by the visiting natural agricultural farmers and PAU faculity agreed on following points to work together, Further on various concerns of the visiting delegation following understanding was reached -

1. Readiness of PAU for research & co-operation in Organic / Natural farming – PAU officials shared their experiences & recommendations on the issue. They registered their concern that very few farmers are showing interest to take up the challenge. As there is a dormancy period of three years for the yield to come at par with the current yield levels. But experience of several KVM farmers practicing natural farming and Pingalwara Amritsar’s Dheerakot farm project in natural agriculture practices have registered very appreciable results. However, Head of Departments, Organic Farming who kept silence initially, appreciated and accepted natural farming’s successes across the Punjab, and bumper success of organic sugarcane in particular. Hence there is good scope for small and marginal farmers in adopting agricultural practice which demand minimum (zero input cost from outside) thus saving this group of small and marginal farmers from debt.

2. Traditional Seeds: PAU scientists informed that they have rich pool of many varieties of traditional seeds (including cotton) & that PAU along with agriculture department has the capacity to multiply them. But the need is to have a demand for the same. It was appreciated that University charge no royalty but charges the cost of production only. The University has all infrastructure for training in agricultural practices and seed multiplication .This facility will be made available to farmers. But for better output and optimization of resources if farmers make cooperative groups it could be very effective.

3. Hybridization of Seeds: Experts from PAU exemplified the issues of hybridization of seeds on need basis (which primarily comprise of yield & sustainability) of naturally available species, but restrained where nothing was needed (paddy is an example, where till date no hybridization is done by university).

4. GM Crops: University officials assured that in this field the results of lab research are only announced after thorough screening by various committees taking care of various issues of security and concern. They further assured that any GM solutions shall only considered after all viable traditional methods have failed. But it was broadly agreed that more discussion is required to understand the issues involved because some top scientist have some concerns on the issue. So more in-depth discussions are required.
5. Soil Health: It was agreed that sustained agriculture is very much dependent on the soil health and even the government emphasis is on having soil health card to educate the farmers on keeping watch on the health of his fields and use chemicals with restraint. The university scientists explained that they have the facility available and services could be provided as part of extension services .

6. Usage of Agro-Chemicals and Health Issues: Health problems having their roots in agro-chemicals were elaborated by Dr. Amar Singh Azad. PAU faculty blamed the farmers for not following the recommended practices and were sure that they have no effect if used as recommended. It also came for discussion that missing Zinc from traditional staple food due to agro chemicals also needs to be understood and university should take initiative to educate the public on these issues.

7. Natural Farmer’s Club : Prof. Jagmohan Singh suggested that to best utilise the knowledge heritage accumulated by PAU a platform be created for the small and marginal farmers who are willing to or are working in the natural / alternative agricultural practices so that they could avail the scientific advice of the university and improve their practices with scientific inputs.. The club of natural farmers and PAU experts, will provide a permanent platform for sharing knowledge, training and experiences, on which there was understanding.

8. Building a dialogue between PAU and Ecological agriculture movements: Umendra Dutt urged upon the PAU scientists to have a continues dialogue between PAU faculty and Ecological farmers. To which PAU panel enthusiastically agreed. It was agreed upon that this kind of cooperation will benefit larger section of farmers. Dr Raj Kumar Mehey PAU registrar asked for mutual regard as a pre-requisite a dialogue which was supported by both sides.

Finally PAU scientists gave assurance for open discussions with practicing natural farmers, activists & experts on the charter. They were requested to provide their response to the various issues and concerns raised in charter.

More important thing is that meeting was held in a gracious and pleasant atmosphere and most of PAU faculty member said that it is a welcome step that KVM team is here for dialogue. Director Extension offered all kind of support and cooperation for ecological agriculture from KVKs. Even Director PR offered to publish interviews of successful KVM farmers.

To conclude it can be termed as a good beginning and if the same trend continues it will bring positive results.

Saturday, May 28, 2011

Seed Sovereignty Conference for farmers freedom and food security

To save seed-agriculture and food sovereignty of country

To protect Seed research in public sector and seed public sector institutions

Become a part of 3rd War of Independence, Be a savior of nation’s freedom

Beej Swaraj Conference

Monday, 30th May 2011, Punjabi Bhawan, Ludhiana

Organized by

KHETI VIRASAT MISSION

Seed is not a commodity, but the basis for food security and national sovereignty

Seed Sovereignty for farmers freedom and food security

Seed is the most vital component of agriculture and the basis for food security. But seed has become the most controversial topic in the recent years due to various reasons - increasing price, monopoly and control by private companies, unavailability of good quality seeds, introduction of GM seeds, loss of biodiversity, IPR and loss of the commons etc.

India is one of the centres of mega biodiversity and farmers have developed thousands of varieties of different crops over time. Although in some regions farmers continue to grow the traditional varieties, in the highly developed agricultural regions, in the last 40 years, the traditional varieties have been literally wiped out and the farmers have become totally dependent on the market for their seeds. This has been directly caused by specific policy directions such as the promotion for hybrids and HYV's and the “limited generations system” for seed multiplication. Other programmes have given thrust on building the private seed industry to such a scale that it has become a thriving business, with literally no control over prices and quality. Farmers have become victims of this. At the same time, where ever Government agencies produce seeds, there is demand from the farmers, prices of such seeds are also very low and these are also locally suitable comapred to the privately sold ones, but production and supply is insufficient.

Added to this is the fact that the private sector has now moved on from hybrids to GM crops (as in the case of Bt Cotton) where cost escalation happened in an unprecedented manner, and monopoly is being established. They could even get IPR protection (proxy) on their seeds, and literally the seed industry has made the farmer totally dependent on them. This experience in the Bt Cotton case has even emboldened the industry to invest in research to genetically modify all the commercially important seeds in India including grains. This should be perceived as the worst threat on food and national sovereignty ever faced by the country.

Meanwhile in the last 10-15 years, in many villages farmers have started to revive some of the local varieties. Farmers preferences to traditional seeds, open pollinated varieties and locally adaptable seeds have stemmed from the fact that these have evolved over time, have a strong resilience to local conditions, vagaries of climate, pest and disease attacks and even easier and sometimes less intensive management in terms of labour and costs. The seeds developed out of hybridisation have never shown such resilience and has much less scope, as it has no history of having evolved in the locality, adapting to local conditions. Hybrids and other HYVs need more inputs also in terms of fertilizer and water; both are becoming scarce and costly now. Thus the concept of “location specific” seeds and related technology is now getting increasingly significant.

The change in attitude of the farmers from demanding HYVs to traditional seeds has triggered many programmes, spearheaded by various movements across the country, to revive such seeds insitu. A new wave of revival is spreading across, where traditional varieties of seeds are not only being conserved, but also work on farm-level characterisation, purification and improvements are showing good results. In some of these movements, even scientists from the establishments have joined hands with such farmers’ networks.

It is in this changing scenario that one needs to look at the proposed Seed Bill which does not take in to consideration this aspect at all. Any new law related to seeds should consider the enabling of this farmer and civil society effort at the village level to revive and conserve seeds and to recognise farmers as the breeders. Farmers are eventually the vehicles that must carry on this tradition of producing, conserving, multiplying and evolving so that down the generation, farming survives on the strength gained within the system rather that from outside supported by highly intensive seed production industry. Literally, there should be a bottom up approach in seed development.

Another aspect is that many states are now aiming at developing a sustainable agriculture system which is environment and farmer friendly. Experience shows that traditional varieties are more suited to this system of agriculture where the aim is to improve farm productivity along with income of farmers.. One of the main problem faced by the state governments is that they are unable to predict the problems in farming which occur due to seeds since farmers use different kinds of seeds, based on whatever is available in the market and this is leading to economic loss and ultimately loss of food security. This is very important while also considering the unpredictable climatic pattern experienced in the country. State agriculture universities should be encouraged to conduct participatory research with farmers using traditional varieties.

Moreover, there is an expanding safe food movement in the country and a large number of consumers are opting for traditional food. Some of the researches have shown that traditional varieties are nutrient rich and can help develop immunity to many chronic diseases. The organic markets in the country have already started selling such produce, and there is an increasing demand.

Seed is also food, not only for human beings but also other beings as well whose life is also dependent on us unfortunately since most of them live outside protected areas like wild.life sanctuaries . The loss of agro bio diversity will impact their existence also leading to a total imbalance in the agro ecosystem.

The Government has a moral right to ensure adequate quantity of good quality seeds to farmers at regulated prices. For that

1) Government to primarily encourage Farmer level seed production of traditional locally specific seeds instead of subsidizing hybrid seeds

2) Seed is not a commodity, but the basis for food security and national sovereignty

3) Seed development should be location specific, and resilient to local conditions, including pests and diseases.

4) Ensure protection of Seed diversity and heritage.

5) Recognise farmer-breeders and support them rather than the private seed industry.

6) Monopoly and IPR-based restrictions should not be allowed.

Sunday, May 22, 2011

Beej Swaraj Conference Azadi ki agli ladaai

Beej Hamara- Patent Tumhara , Nahi Chlega - Nahi Chlega

Beej Swaraj Conference


To save seed-agriculture and food sovereignty of country

To stop IPRs on seeds/germplasm/planting material or products

To reclaim farmers’ inherent natural right over seeds as real custodian

To protect our seeds and food from being contaminated by Genetic modification

Become a part of 3rd War of Independence, Be a savior of nation’s freedom

Join

Beej Swaraj Conference

Monday, 30th May 2011

10 AM onwards

Punjabi Bhawan, Ludhiana

· Since a nation’s food sovereignty as well as farming communities’ livelihoods is closely linked to seed sovereignty – who controls what seed is supplied, when, in what quantities, with what restrictions, at what prices and so on. This is closely connected to allowing most seed trade to be taken over by the private sector, coupled with legal regimes that allow for exclusive marketing rights in the hands of a handful of companies, along with monocultures encouraged of a few crops and few varieties even as farmers are encouraged to move away from their traditional systems of seed breeding, selection, saving and exchange. Policy makers and planners have to appreciate the intrinsic potential dangers of such a scenario; this is further borne out by the example of cotton seed in India, where an overwhelming majority of the market today is controlled by one large seed company in numerous ways; further, non-GM cotton seed is not available in the market and seed pricing has become a vexatious issue where state governments that want to protect farmers’ interests are being confronted by the seed companies against any statutory framework that regulates price and are even threatening to stop supply of seed – meanwhile, physical seed stocks with farmers and others have disappeared during the period that they depended on company-supplied seed. This scenario is potentially possible with other crops too and Seed Sovereignty is an issue that the government has to take seriously.

· The seed industry seems to believe that their returns can be maximized and their R&D efforts rewarded only if exclusive ‘ownership’ rights are conferred, linked to marketing rights of course. Civil society groups including farmers’ organizations believe that this is antithetical to the very culture of agriculture in India, which thrived for thousands of years due to the open sharing of resources including knowledge.

· Let us demand that Agri-research and extension systems have to prioritise in their projects and outlays, varietal development and distribution; farmer-led, participatory breeding programmes are to be prioritized to address issues of quality and local suitability.

· For all those seed technologies which bring in potential environmental and health hazards, such seed should be allowed even for open air trials only if there are no other alternatives present and after biosafety has been cleared through independent, long term testing in a participatory and transparent decision-making regime. In this case too, like in Point 4, state governments should be allowed their constitutional authority over agriculture for exercising their own decisions through appropriate regulatory regimes at the state level, including licensing etc.

· Regulatory regimes should also pro-actively watch out for seed monopolies/oligopolies building up and prevent the same.

· Farming communities all over India should have first priority and access to all the germplasm collections all over the country.

Great seed keeper Farmers shall address the conference

SAY NO TO GM SEEDS

Let us join hands to initiate a struggle to protect nation’s seed sovereignty & food self reliance All are cordially invited

KHETI VIRASAT MISSION

Supported by:

Alliance for Sustainable & Holistic Agriculture

& Coalition for GM-Free India


--

Tuesday, March 15, 2011

ਬੀਜਾਂ 'ਤੇ ਹੋਵੇ ਕਿਸਾਨੀ ਦਾ ਹੱਕ

ਬੀਜ,ਖੇਤੀ ਦੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਮਹੱਵਪੂਰਨ ਕੜੀ ਹਨ। ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਾਇਓਤਕਨੌਲਜੀ ਵਰਗੀਆਂ ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਆਮਦ ਨਾਲ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਖੇਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਬਜਾਏ ਮੁੱਖ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਬੀਜ ਵੇਚਣ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਲੈਬੋਰਟਰੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋਣ ਲੱਗ ਪਈ ਹੈ। ਬੀਜਾਂ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਉਪਰੋਕਤ ਤਕਨੀਕੀ ਪੱਖ ਤੋਂ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਰਵਟ ਲੈਂਦੀਆਂ ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਨੀਤੀਆਂ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਿੱਜੀਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਰਾਹ ਪੱਧਰਾ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਨਜ਼ਰ ਆਉਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇੱਥੇ ਹੀ ਬੱਸ ਨਹੀਂ ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਕਾਨੂੰਨੀ ਢਾਂਚਾ ਅਤੇ ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਨਿਜ਼ਾਮ ਪੂਰੀ ਤਾਕਤ ਨਾਲ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਉੱਪਰ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਸੰਪੱਤੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਲਈ ਰਾਹ ਮੋਕਲਾ ਕਰਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੱਗਾ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ। ਸਿੱਟੇ ਵਜੋਂ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਅਨੇਕਾਂ ਹੀ ਫਸਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਨਿੱਜੀ ਅਦਾਰੇ ਅਤੇ ਬਹੁਕੌਮੀ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਬੜੀ ਤੇਜੀ ਨਾਲ ਕਾਬਿਜ ਹੋ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਹਨ।

ਦੂਜੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਸੰਘਣੀ ਖੇਤੀ ਮਾਡਲਾਂ ਨੇ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਏਕਲ ਫਸਲ ਸਭਿਆਚਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਵਧਾਉਣ ਅਤੇ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਉਪਜਦੀ ਬੀਜ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਦੇ ਪਤਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਹਿਮ ਰੋਲ ਅਦਾ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ। ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਪੱਖ ਤੋਂ ਇਸ ਸਾਰੀ ਕਵਾਇਦ ਦਾ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਭਾਰੀ ਅਸਰ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ। ਇੱਥੋਂ ਤੱਕ ਕਿ ਫਸਲ ਚੱਕਰੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਖੇਤੀ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਏ ਵੱਡੇ ਬਦਲਾਅ ਨੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਖ਼ੁਰਾਕ ਅਤੇ ਪੋਸ਼ਣ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ ਉੱਤੇ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਪੱਧਰਾਂ 'ਤੇ ਕਾਫੀ ਨਾਕਾਰਤਾਮਕ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵ ਪਾਏ ਹਨ। ਇੰਨਾ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਜ਼ਹਿਰੀਲੀਆਂ ਖੇਤੀ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਕਾਰਨ ਸਾਡਾ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਸੋਮੇਂ ਵੱਡੇ ਪੱਧਰ 'ਤੇ ਪਲੀਤ ਹੋਏ ਹਨ। ਸਭ ਲਈ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਤ ਭੋਜਨ ਵੀ ਉਪਲਭਧ ਨਹੀਂ ਰਹਿ ਗਿਆ। ਹਥਲਾ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼, ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਲਈ ਟਿਕਾਊ ਰੋਜ਼ੀਰੋਟੀ ਦੇ ਪੱਖ ਤੋਂ ਕੁੱਝ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਹੀ ਭਖਦੇ ਮੁੱਦਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਿਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਸੁਝਾਇਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਨੀਤੀਘਾੜਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਦੇਸ ਦੇ ਕਾਨੂੰਨੀ ਢਾਂਚੇ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਤੱਕ ਸਥਾਨਕ ਹਾਲਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਕੂਲ, ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਸਤੇ ਅਤੇ ਉੱਚ ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ ਵਾਲੇ ਬੀਜ ਪੁੱਜਦੇ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਠੋਸ਼ ਕਦਮ ਚੁੱਕਣੇ ਚਾਹੀਦੇ ਹਨ।

ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਵਧਦੀ ਇਜ਼ਰੇਦਾਰੀ ਉਦਯੋਗਿਕ ਅੰਕੜੇ ਦਸਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਬੀਜ ਉਦਯੋਗ ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਕ ਬਿਲੀਅਨ ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਡਾਲਰ ਤਕ ਪੁੱਜ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਜਦੋਂ ਕਿ ਪੂਰੇ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਦੀ ਵਪਾਰਕ ਬੀਜ ਮਾਰਕੀਟ 30 ਬਿਲੀਅਨ ਅਮਰੀਕਨ ਡਾਲਰ ਦੀ ਹੈ। ਜੇਕਰ ਇਸਨੂੰ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਕਰੰਸੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਲੇਖਿਆ ਜਾਵੇ ਤਾਂ ਇਹ ਅੰਕੜਾ 4500 ਕਰੋੜ ਤਕ ਪਹੁੰਚਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇੱਥੇ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਜ਼ਿਕਰ ਯੋਗ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ 60 ਫੀਸਦੀ ਬੀਜ ਮਾਰਕੀਟ ਉਤੇ ਬਹੁਕੌਮੀ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਕਾਬਿਜ ਹਨ। ਬੀਜ ਵਪਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਨਿੱਜੀ ਖੇਤਰ ਦੇ ਤਕਰੀਬਨ 250 ਖਿਡਾਰੀਆਂ ਸਮੇਤ 16 ਦੈਂਤਾਕਾਰ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਹਰ ਸਾਲ ਇੱਕ ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਕਰੋੜ ਦਾ ਮੁਨਾਫ਼ਾ ਕਮਾ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਕੱਲੀ ਮੋਨਸੈਂਟੋ ਅਤੇ ਇਸਦੀਆਂ ਭਾਈਵਾਲ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ 40 ਫੀਸਦੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਹਿੱਸੇਦਾਰ ਹਨ। ਇੱਥੇ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਜ਼ਿਕਰਯੋਗ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਮੋਨਸੈਂਟੋ ਅਤੇ ਇਸਦੀਆਂ ਭਾਈਵਾਲ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ 40% ਬਣਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਗੱਲ ਵੱਖਰੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਮੋਨਸੈਂਟੋ ਦਾ ਬੀ ਟੀ ਕਾਟਨ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਸਬ-ਲਾਇਸੈਂਸਿੰਗ ਸਮਝੋਤਿਆਂ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਬੀਜ ਮਾਰਕਿਟ ਵਿਚਲੀਆਂ ਬਾਕੀ ਸਰਵਉੱਚ 16 ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਅਪ੍ਰਤੱਖ ਕੰਟਰੋਲ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਇੱਕ ਹੋਰ ਸਨਸਨੀਖੇਜ਼ ਤੱਥ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸੰਸਾਰਿਕ ਬੀਜ ਮਾਰਕੀਟ ਦੇ ਦੋ ਤਿਹਾਈ ਹਿੱਸੇ 'ਤੇ ਸਿਰਫ 10 ਬਹੁਕੌਮੀ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਕਾਬਿਜ ਹਨ। ਇਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਕੁੱਲ• ਬੀਜ ਮਾਰਕੀਟ 14785 ਮਿਲੀਅਨ ਡਾਲਰ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਹੀ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਕੈਮੀਕਲ ਪੈਸਟੀਸਾਈਡਜ਼ ਅਤੇ ਫਰਅਟਲਾਜਿਰਜ਼ ਦੇ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਅਤੇ ਵਪਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਇੰਨੀਆਂ ਸ਼ਕਤੀਸ਼ਾਲੀ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਜਨਤਕ ਅਦਾਰਿਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਚੱਲ ਰਹੇ ਖੇਤੀ ਖੋਜ਼ ਕਰਜਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਅੱਖ ਦੇ ਫੋਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੋਕ ਦਿੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਸੂਤਰਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਪਤਾ ਲੱਗਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਇੱਕ ਬਹੁਕੌਮੀ ਬੀਜ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਨੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਦੇ ਫ਼ਰੀਦਕੋਟ ਸਬ-ਸੈਂਟਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਰਮੇਂ ਦੇ ਇੱਕ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਬੀਜ ਉੱਤੇ ਚੱਲ ਰਿਹਾ ਖੋਜ਼ ਕਾਰਜ ਬਿਲਕੁੱਲ ਆਖਰੀ ਪੜਾਅ 'ਤੇ ਰੁਕਵਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਿਹੜਾ ਕਿ ਬੀਟੀ ਨਰਮੇ ਦੇ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਦਾ ਝਾੜ ਦੇਣ ਦੇ ਸਮਰੱਥ ਸੀ। ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ 5-6 ਸਾਲ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਦਾ ਇਹ ਵਾਕਿਆ ਤਾਂ ਯਾਦ ਹੀ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ ਕਿ ਕਿਸ ਤਰ•ਾਂ ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੇ ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਰਾਜਦੂਤ ਡੇਵਿਡ ਮਲਫੋਰਡ ਨੇ ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਬਹੁਕੌਮੀ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਮੋਨਸੈਂਟੋ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਤ ਪੂਰਦਿਆਂ ਗੁਜਰਾਤ ਦੇ ਮੁੱਖ ਮੰਤਰੀ ਨਰਿੰਦਰ ਮੋਦੀ ਨੂੰ ਗੁਜਰਾਤ ਦੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਮਾਰਕੀਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਤਾਰੇ ਜਾ ਰਹੇ ਨਰਮੇਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਬਣਾਏ ਹੋ ਬੀਟੀ ਬੀਜ ਬੈਨ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਕਿਸ ਤਰ•ਾ ਧਮਕਾਇਆ ਸੀ! ਬੀਜ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਬੀਟੀ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਦੁਨੀਆਂ ਭਰ ਦੀ ਬੀਜ ਮਾਰਕੀਟ 'ਤੇ ਕਾਬਿਜ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਹਥਿਆਰ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਵਰਤ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਕਾਰਜ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਵਰਗੇ ਸਾਮਰਾਜੀ ਦੇਸ਼ ਵੀ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਪਿੱਠ 'ਤੇ ਹਨ। ਸਾਬਕਾ ਅਮਰੀਕੀ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ ਜਾਰਜ ਬੁਸ਼ ਜੂਨੀਅਰ ਦੇ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੌਰੇ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਉਸਦਾ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਐੱਨ ਜੀ ਰੰਗਾ ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਹੈਦਰਾਬਾਦ ਜਾ ਕੇ ਉੱਥੋਂ ਦਾ ਬੀਜ ਬੈਂਕ ਦੇਖਣਾ ਅਤੇ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਦੀ ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ ਮੰਤਰੀ ਹਿਲੇਰੀ ਕਲਿੰਟਨ ਦਾ ਆਪਣੇ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੌਰੇ ਮੌਕੇ ਖਾਸਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਪੂਸਾ ਇੰਸਟੀਟਿਊਟ ਦਿੱਲੀ ਦੇ ਬੀਜ ਬੈਂਕ ਜਾਣਾ ਉਪਰੋਕਤ ਤੱਥਾਂ ਦੀ ਪੁਸ਼ਟੀ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ,ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਇਹ ਇੱਕ ਵੱਡੀ ਚਿੰਤਾ ਦਾ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ ਹੈ, ਜਿਹੜਾ ਕਿ “ਮੋਨੋਪੋਲਿਜ ਐਂਡ ਰਿਸਟ੍ਰਿਕਟਿਵ ਟ੍ਰੇਡ ਪ੍ਰੈਕਟਿਸਜ ਕਮਿਸ਼ਨ” ਦੁਆਰਾ ਬੀ.ਟੀ.ਕਾਟਨ ਦੇ ਕੇਸ ਵਿਚ ਜ਼ਾਹਿਰ ਵੀ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾ ਚੁੱਕਾ ਹੈ। ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਜਿਹੇ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਮੋਨਸੈਂਟੋ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਇਸਦੇ ਸਕਾਰਾਤਮਕ ਮੁਕਾਬਲੇਬਾਜ਼ੀ ਵਿਰੋਧੀ ਵਿਵਹਾਰ ਕਾਰਨ ਜਾਂਚ ਚਲ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। ਕੰਪਨੀ ਦੇ ਖਿਲਾਫ਼ ਮਿਲੇ ਸਬੂਤਾਂ ਦੇ ਬਾਵਜੂਦ, ਸਰਕਾਰ ਵਲੋਂ ਨੀਤੀਗਤ ਅਤੇ ਕਾਨੂੰਨੀ ਪੱਧਰ 'ਤੇ ਇਸ ਸਭ ਨੂੰ ਰੋਕਣ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਕੁੱਝ ਵੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ। ਇਸ ਮੋਰਚੇ 'ਤੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਕੋਲ ਚੋਣ ਦੀ ਕਮੀ, ਫਸਲਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ Àੱਚਿਤ ਕੀਮਤਾਂ, ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੀ ਬੀਜ ਤੇ ਖ਼ੁਰਾਕ ਸੰਪ੍ਰਭੂਤਾ ਦੇ ਮੁੱਦੇ- ਸਰਕਾਰਾਂ, ਰਾਜਨੀਤਕ ਦਲਾਂ, ਆਮ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਬੁੱਧੀਜੀਵੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਧਿਆਨ ਦੀ ਮੰਗ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ।

ਖੇਤੀ-ਜੈਵ ਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਦਾ ਪਤਨ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਅਰਥਾਤ ਮਿਸ਼ਰਤ ਫਸਲ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਖੇਤ ਪੱਧਰ ਅਤੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਤੇ ਆਰਥਿਕ ਦੋਹਾਂ ਮੋਰਚਿਆਂ 'ਤੇ ਬਹੁਪੱਖੀ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਖੇਤੀ ਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਭੋਂਇ ਦੀ ਉਪਜਾਊ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ ਵਧਾਉਣ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ-ਨਾਲ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਢੰਗ ਫਸਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਕੀਟ ਅਤੇ ਰੋਗ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੀ ਸਹਾਈ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਗਰੀਬ ਪੇਂਡੂ ਪਰਿਵਾਰਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਭੋਜਨ ਅਤੇ ਪੋਸ਼ਣ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਲੋੜਾਂ ਪੂਰੀਆਂ ਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ-ਨਾਲ ਜੀਵਨ ਦੀਆਂ ਮੁਢਲੀਆਂ ਜ਼ਰੂਰਤਾਂ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਬਾਲਣ, ਪਸ਼ੂਚਾਰਾ, ਧਾਗਾ, ਚਾਰਦਿਵਾਰੀ ਲਈ ਵਾੜ ਅਤੇ ਅਨੇਕਾਂ ਹੀ ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਘਰੇਲੂ ਲੋੜਾਂ ਵੀ ਪੂਰੀਆਂ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਖੇਤੀ-ਜੈਵ ਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੋਜਗਾਰ ਦੇ ਮੌਕੇ ਵਧਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਵੀ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਖੇਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਿਸ਼ਰਤ ਫਸਲ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨੀ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਯੁਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਰਖਾ ਆਧਾਰਿਤ ਖੇਤੀ 'ਤੇ ਨਿਰਭਰ ਬਹੁਗਿਣਤੀ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਕਿਸਾ ਨੂੰ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਆਰਕਿਥਕ ਤੇ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇੰਨਾ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਭਵਿੱਖ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਡੀਆਂ ਬੀਜ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਲੋੜਾਂ ਦਾ ਵੀ ਆਧਾਰ ਬਣੇਗੀ। ਇਸ ਲਈ ਉੱਪਰ ਦੱਸੇ ਕਾਰਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੌਸ਼ਨੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿਚਲੀ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਨੂੰ ਸਹੇਜ ਕੇ ਰੱਖਣ ਬਹੁਤ ਅਹਿਮ ਹੈ। ਅੱਜ ਜਦੋਂਕਿ ਅਨੁਕੂਨ ਅਤੇ ਸੰਤੁਲਿਤ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀ ਮੁੱਖ ਲੋੜ ਬਣ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਛੋਟੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਲਈ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਤੇ ਗ਼ੈਰ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਜੋਖਿਮਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਬਚਣ ਲਈ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਆਧਾਰਿਤ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿਧੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਅਪਣਾਉਣਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ। ਪਰ ਬੜੇ ਦੁੱਖ ਦੀ ਗੱਲ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਵੱਡੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦਾ ਏਕਲ ਫਸਲ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਮਸ਼ੀਨੀਕਰਨ ਵੱਲ ਵੱਧ ਝੁਕਾਅ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਦੀ ਸਥਿਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਿਤ ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ। ਅੱਜ ਸਮੁੱਚੀ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਗੰਭੀਰ ਖ਼ਤਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ। ਫਸਲਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਫਸਲਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਪੱਖ ਤੋਂ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਦਾ ਨਿਰੰਤਰ ਪਤਨ ਹੋ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ।

ਬਦਕਿਸਮਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਖੇਤੀ ਨੀਤੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਦੇਣ ਸੰਘਣੀ ਖੇਤੀ ਮਾਡਲਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਬਜ਼ਾਰ ਮੁੱਖੀ ਖੇਤੀ ਤਰੀਕਿਆਂ ਨੇ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਨੂੰ ਬਹੁਤ ਗੰਭੀਰ ਖ਼ਤਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਗਰੀਬ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਹਾਲਤ ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਪੇਤਲੀ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਹੈ। ਇਸਦਾ ਹੱਲ ਇਹੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਖੇਤੀ ਖੋਜ਼ ਅਤੇ ਐਕਸਟੈਂਸ਼ਨ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀਆਂ ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਆਪਣੀ ਸਮਝ ਨੂੰ ਵਿਕਸਿਤ ਅਤੇ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ ਕਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਵੱਲ ਧਿਆਨ ਦੇਣ। ਇਸ ਸਾਰੇ ਮਾਮਲੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਨੀਤੀਗਤ ਦਖਲ ਵੀ ਬਹੁਤ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ।
ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਹੁਨਰ ਦੀ ਅਣਦੇਖੀ ਕਰਨਾ

ਖੇਤੀ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਵੱਧ ਝਾੜ ਵਾਲੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਵੱਡੀ ਮਾਤਰਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਾਹਰੋਂ ਤੇ ਖਾਸਕਰ ਨਿੱਜੀ ਖੇਤਰ ਤੋਂ ਪੂਰਤੀ ਦੇ ਦੌਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਹੁਨਰ ਨੂੰ ਪੂਰੀ ਤਾਕਤ ਨਾਲ ਖਤਮ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ। ਜਿਹੜਾ ਕਿ ਬਹੁਤ ਮੰਦਭਾਗਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਵਰਗੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਮਸਲਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਹੱਲ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਇਹ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਇੱਕ ਯੋਜਨਾਬੱਧ ਤਰੀਕੇ ਨਾਲ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਬੀਜ ਬਣਾਉਣ, ਬੀਜ ਚੋਣ, ਬੀਜ ਸੰਭਾਲਣ, ਅਤੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਰੋਗ ਮੁਕਤ ਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਗਿਆਨ ਨੂੰ ਖੁੱਡੇ ਲਾਈਨ ਲਾਉਣ ਦੀ ਨੀਤੀ 'ਤੇ ਮੁੜ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ। ਅਕਾਦਮਿਕ ਸ਼ੋਧ ਇਸ ਗੱਲ ਵੱਲ ਇਸ਼ਾਰਾ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਮੂਰਖ ਬਣਾਇਆ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ। ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਕਿਸਾਨ ਆਪਣੇ-ਆਪਣੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਦੇ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਬਾਰੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਹੋਰ ਨਾਲੋਂ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਚੰਗੀ ਤਰ•ਾਂ ਜਾਣੂ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ।

ਇੱਥੇ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਯਾਦ ਰੱਖਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਦੇਸ਼ ਭਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਬੀਜ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਦੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਫਲ ਤਜ਼ਰਬਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਮਿਸਾਲਾਂ ਮਿਲ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਅਜਿਹੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸਹਿਭਾਗੀ ਉੱਦਮ ਨਾਲ ਵਿਕਸਤ ਕੀਤੇ ਗਏ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਬੀਜ ਦੇਸ ਭਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੱਖਾਂ ਹੀ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਅਪਣਾਏ ਗਏ ਹਨ। ਬੀਜਾਂ ਉੱਪਰ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਇਜ਼ਾਰੇਦਾਰੀ ਦੇ ਦੌਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਫਸਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਨੇਕਾਂ ਹੀ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਚੋਣ ਦੇ ਪੱਖ ਤੋਂ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦਾ ਇਹ ਸਹਿਭਾਗੀ ਉੱਦਮ ਵੱਡੀ ਅਹਿਮੀਅਤ ਰੱਖਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਪੂਰੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਫੈਲਾਉਣ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੈ।

ਸਾਧਨਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਨਿੱਜੀਕਰਨ

ਬੀਜ ਸ੍ਰੋਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਾਲਕੀ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਲ ਗੰਭੀਰ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ ਹੈ। ੁਬੀਜ ਉਦਯੋਗ 'ਤੇ ਕਾਬਿਜ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਮੰਨਣਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਦਾ ਜੇਕਰ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਖੋਜ਼, ਬੀਜ ਵਿਕਸਤ ਕਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਵੀ ਅੱਗੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਾਰਕੀਟਿੰਗ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਮਿਲ ਜਾਣ ਜਿਹੜੇ ਕਿ ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਕੋਲ ਨਾ ਹੋਣ ਤਾਂ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਮੁਨਾਫ਼ੇ ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਵਧ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਨ। ਚੁਟਕਲਾ ਤਾਂ ਇਹ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਮੁਨਾਫ਼ਾਖੋਰ ਢਾਂਚਿਆਂ ਨੇ ਅਸਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਦੇ ਵੀ ਨਿਵੇਕਲੀ ਖੋਜ਼ ਨਹੀਂ ਕੀਤੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਸਗੋਂ ਕੁਦਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਹੀ ਉਪਲਭਧ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਥੋੜੁ-ਬਹੁਤ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਆਦਿ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਪਰੰਤੂ ਇਹ ਸਭ ਤਾਂ ਸਾਡੇ ਕਿਸਾਨ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਸਾਲਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਕਰਦੇ ਆ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਤੇ ਵੀ ਇਹ ਮਿਸਾਲ ਨਹੀਂ ਮਿਲਦੀ ਕਿ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੇ ਇਸ ਕਾਰਜ ਤੋਂ ਮੁਨਾਫ਼ਾ ਕਮਾਉਣ ਬਾਰੇ ਸੋਚਿਆ ਤੱਕ ਵੀ ਹੋਵੇ। ਸਗੋਂ ਸਾਡੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਤਾਂ ਖੇਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਸੰਪੂਰਨ ਗਿਆਨ ਨੂੰ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਕਿਸੇ ਸਵਾਰਥ ਦੇ ਸਭ ਨਾਲ ਵੰਡਣ ਦੀ ਪਰੰਪਰਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।
ਬਹੁਗਿਣਤੀ ਕਿਸਾਨ ਜਥੇਬੰਦੀਆਂ ਸਮੇਤ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਸਮਾਜਿਕ ਗਰੁੱਪਾਂ ਦਾ ਮੰਨਣਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਇਹ ਅਨੈਤਿਕ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾਂ ਵਰਿ•ਆਂ ਤਂੋ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਗਿਆਨ ਸਮੇਤ ਦੂਸਰੇ ਸਾਧਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਾਂਝਾ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਥਾ ਦੇ ਵਿਰੁਧ ਹੈ। Àੁੰਞ ਵੀ ਨਵਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਘੱਟ ਹੀ ਖੋਜਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਜੋ ਖੋਜ਼ਿਆ ਵੀ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਉਹ ਜਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ। ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਲਈ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਤ ਕਿਤੇ ਵੀ ਮਾਅਨੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਰੱਖਦੇ ਸਗੋਂ ਨਵੀਆਂ ਖੋਜ਼ਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂਅ 'ਤੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਹੁਨਰ ਅਤੇ ਗਿਆਨ ਪਰੰਪਰਾਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਛੁਟਿਆ ਕੇ ਦੇਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

ਵਿਚਾਰਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਇੱਕ ਤਬਕੇ ਦਾ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਮੰਨਣਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਵਰਗੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਤ ਸ੍ਰੋਤਾਂ- ਨੂੰ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ 'ਤੇ ਰਜਿਸਟਰਡ ਕਰ ਦੇਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਮਾਲਕੀ ਹੱਕ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਲਈ ਰਾਖਵੇਂ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਜਾਣੇ ਚਾਹੀਦੇ ਹਨ ਤਾਂ ਜੋ ਜੈਵ ਸਾਧਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਲੁਟੇਰੇ ( ਉਹ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਨੇ ਕੁਦਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਭਧ ਨਿੰਮ•, ਹਲਦੀ, ਭੂਈਂ ਆਂਵਲਾ ਆਦਿ ਵਰਗੇ ਅਨੇਕਾਂ ਹੀ ਜੈਵ-ਸੰਪੱਤੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਪੇਟੇਂਟ ਕਰਵਾ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਹੈ) ਇਹਨਾਂ 'ਤੇ ਮਾਲਕੀ ਦਾ ਕੋਈ ਦਾਅਵਾ ਆਦਿ ਨਾ ਕਰ ਸਕਣ। ਇਸ ਤਰਾਂ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ੋਧ ਕਰਤਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ।

ਬੀਜ ਤਕਨੌਲਜ਼ੀ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਤ ਭੋਜਨ

ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੇ ਮੁੱਦੇ 'ਤੇ ਬੀਜ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਦੀ ਨਵੀਆਂ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਅਣੁਵੰਸ਼ਿਕ ਜੀਨਾਂਤਰਿਤ (ਜੈਨੇਟਿਕਲੀ ਮੋਡੀਫਾਈਡ/ ਬੀ ਟੀ) ਤਕਨੀਕ ਨਾਲ ਬੀਜ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਹੋਰ ਭਖਦੇ ਮਸਲੇ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਉੱਭਰ ਕੇ ਸਾਹਮਣੇ ਆਇਆ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਬੀਜ ਅਤੇ ਫਸਲਾਂ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਾਡੀ ਸਿਹਤ, ਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਤ ਭੋਜਨ ਦੇ ਸਾਡ ਹੱਕ ਅਤੇ ਸਾਡੇ ਵਾਤਵਰਨ ਨੂੰ ਵੱਡੇ ਖ਼ਤਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾÀਣ ਦੇ ਸਮਰਥ ਹਨ।
ਜੈਵਿਕ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਲਈ ਇਹ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਮੁਸ਼ਕਿਲਾ ਪੈਦਾ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਮੁੱਖ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਜੈਵਿਕ ਖੇਤੀ ਦੇ ਮੂਲ ਸਿਧਾਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਉਲੰਘਣਾ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਜੈਵਿਕ ਉਤਪਾਦਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਰਟੀਫਿਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਦੇ ਰਾਹ ਵੀ ਬੰਦ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਇਹ ਸਭ ਜੈਵਿਕ ਖੇਤੀ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਸਰਾਸਾਰ ਬੇਈਮਾਨੀ ਭਰਿਆ ਸਮਝੋਤਾ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਗੋਂ ਦੇਸ਼ ਹਿੱਤ ਨਾਲ ਖਿਲਵਾੜ ਵੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਅਜਿਹੀਆਂ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਸੰਦਰਭ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ, ਖਪਤਕਾਰਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਖਾਸ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਸਹਿਭਾਗੀ ਜੈਵਿਕ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਕਰੇ। ਭਾਰਤ ਵਰਗੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਅਜਿਹੀਆਂ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਸੰਭਾਵੀ ਨਾਕਾਰਾਤਮਕ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਾਂ ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਕਿਸੇ ਦੀ ਕੋਈ ਜਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀ ਤੈਅ ਨਹੀਂ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਅਤੇ ਨਾ ਹੀ ਕਿਸੇ ਤਰ•ਾਂ ਦੇ ਕੋਈ ਉਪਾਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ ਹੀ ਹੈ, ਅਜਿਹਾ ਕਰਨਾ ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਹੈ।

ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ, ਉਚਿੱਤ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਅਤੇ ਜਵਾਬਦੇਹੀ ਵਾਲੀ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ

ਜਦੋਂ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਲਗਾਤਾਰ ਬਾਹਰੋਂ ਬੀਜ ਖਰੀਦਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਤੇ ਵੀ ਕੋਈ ਅਜਿਹੀ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ ਜਿਹੜੀ ਕਿ ਇਹ ਸੁਨਿਸ਼ਚਿਤ ਕਰੇ ਕਿ ਹਰੇਕ ਕਿਸਾਨ ਨੂੰ ਉਹਦੀ ਮਰਜ਼ੀ ਦੇ, ਉੱਚ ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ ਵਾਲੇ, ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਢੁੱਕਵੇਂ ਅਤੇ ਕੀਮਤ ਪੱਖੋਂ ਸਭ ਦੀ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਵਿੱਚ ਆ ਸਕਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਬੀਜ Àਪਲਭਧ ਹੋਣਗੇ।ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਸਥਾਨਕ ਬੀਜ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ, ਅਤੇ ਵਟਾਂਦਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀਆਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਸਤੇ, ਭਰੋਸੇਯੋਗ ਅਤੇ ਢੁੱਕਵੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਉਪਲਭਧਤਾ ਯਕੀਨੀ ਬਣਾਈ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਸੀ। ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਉੱਪਰ ਸਵਾਲ ਖੜੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਸਨ। ਪਰ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਸੱਚ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਭਾਰਤੀ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਵਲੋਂ ਵਿਕਸਿਤ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਫਸਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਸਮਰਥਾ ਕਦੇ ਵੀ ਵੱਡਾ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਰਹੀ। ਇਸਤੋਂ ਵੀ ਅੱਗੇ ਸਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ ਅਜਿਹੀਆਂ ਕਈ ਉਦਾਹਰਣਾ ਹਨ, ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਸਮੇਂ-ਸਮੇਂ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ-ਬ੍ਰੀਡਰਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸਫਲਤਾਪੂਰਵਕ ਵੱਧ ਝਾੜ ਵਾਲੇ ਹਰਮਨ ਪਿਆਰੇ ਬੀਜ ਵਿਕਸਿਤ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਵੀ ਸੱਚ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਬੀਜ ਚੋਣ ਵਿਚ ਸਿਰਫ ਤੇ ਸਿਰਫ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ ਹੀ ਚਿੰਤਾ ਦਾ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ। ਕਦੋਂ ਅਤੇ ਕੀ ਬੀਜਣਾ ਹੈ? ਕਿਸਾਨ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਵਰਗੀਆਂ ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਕਈ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਗੱਲਾਂ ਵੱਲ ਵੀ ਧਿਆਨ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ।

ਇਸ ਲਈ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੇ ਮੁੱਦੇ 'ਤੇ ਦੋ ਸੂਤਰੀ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਅਪਣਾਉਣ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੈ। ਇਕ ਤਾਂ ਸਥਾਨਕ ਆਧਾਰ ਵਾਲੇ, ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਵਾਲੇ ਬੀਜ ਬ੍ਰੀਡਿੰਗ, ਉਤਪਾਦਨ, ਵਟਾਂਦਰਾਂ/ਵੰਡ ਪ੍ਰੋਗ੍ਰਾਮ ਚਲਾਏ ਜਾਣ। ਸਮੁਦਾਇਕ ਬੀਜ ਬੈਂਕਾ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਸਮੂਹ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਚੋਖੀ ਮਾਤਰਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਉੱਚ ਕੁਆਲਿਟੀ ਵਾਲੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਭ ਲਈ ਆਸਾਨ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਕੀਮਤਾਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਸਿਰ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਸੁਨਿਸ਼ਚਿਤ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ। ਦੂਜਾ, ਭਾਰਤੀ ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ ਦੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਹਿੱਸਿਆਂ ਜੋ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਹੀ ਬੀਜ ਲਈ ਬਾਹਰੀ ਸ੍ਰੋਤਾਂ ਵਲ ਮੁੜ ਗਏ ਹਨ, ਲਈ ਅਜਿਹਾ ਕਾਨੂੰਨੀ ਢਾਂਚਾ ਖੜਾ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਵੇ ਜਿਹੜਾ ਕਿ ਬੀਜ ਦੀ ਢੁਕਵੀਂ ਕੀਮਤ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ-ਨਾਲ ਚੰਗੀ ਕੁਆਲਿਟੀ ਦੀ ਗਾਰੰਟੀ ਦੇਵੇ ਅਤੇ ਬੀਜ ਸਪਲਾਇਰਾਂ ਉਤਪਾਦਕਾਂ, ਵਿਕ੍ਰੇਤਾਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਜਿੰਮੇਦਾਰੀ ਵੀ ਨਿਰਧਾਰਿਤ ਕਰੇ।

ਬੀਜ ਸੰਪ੍ਰਭੂਤਾ

ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੀ ਖ਼ੁਰਾਕ ਸੰਪ੍ਰਭੂਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਸਾਨੀ ਦੀ ਰੋਜ਼ੀ-ਰੋਟੀ ਦਾ ਬੀਜ ਸੰਪ੍ਰਭੂਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਬਹੁਤ ਨੇੜਲਾ ਰਿਸ਼ਤਾ ਹੈ। ਬੀਜ ਸੰਪ੍ਰਭੂਤਾ ਹੀ ਇਹ ਦੇਖਦੀ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕਿਹੜਾ ਬੀਜ ਕਦੋ, ਕਿੱਥੇ, ਕਿਸਨੂੰ ਕਿਸ ਮਾਤਰਾ ਵਿਚ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਸ ਕੀਮਤ 'ਤੇ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਕਰਨਾ ਹੈ। ਪਰ ਇਹ ਸਭ ਬਹੁਤ ਨੇੜੇ ਤੋਂ ਉਸ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਨਾਲ ਜੁੜਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ ਜਿਹੜੀ ਕਿ ਬੀਜ ਵਪਾਰ ਦੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਨਿੱਜੀ ਖੇਤਰ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਹਥਿਆਉਣ ਦੀ ਇਜ਼ਾਜਤ ਦਿੰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਉਸ ਕਾਨੂੰਨੀ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਨਾਲ ਵੀ ਇੱਕਮਿੱਕ ਹੈ ਜਿਹੜੀ ਕਿ ਕੁਝ ਮੁੱਠੀ ਭਰ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੇ ਹੱਥਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਮਾਰਕੀਟਿੰਗ ਦੇ ਖਾਸ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਸੌਂਪ ਦਿੰਦੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਏਕਲ ਫਸਲ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਤਹਿਤ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਇਕ ਹੀ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਫਸਲਾਂ ਉਗਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਤ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇੱਥੋਂ ਤੱਕ ਕਿ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬੀਜ ਬਣਾਉਣ, ਬੀਜ ਚੋਣ, ਬੀਜ ਸੰਭਾਲ ਅਤੇ ਬੀਜ ਦੇ ਆਪਸੀ ਵਟਾਂਦਰੇ ਦੀ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਨੂੰ ਤਿਆਗਣ ਲਈ ਵੀ ਉਤਸ਼ਾਹਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।
ਨੀਤੀ ਘਾੜਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਇਸ ਵਿਚ ਲੁਕੇ ਸੰਭਾਵਿਤ ਖ਼ਤਰਿਆ ਨੂੰ ਸਾਹਮਣੇ ਲਿਆਉਣ। ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਰਮੇ ਦਾ ਬੀਜ ਇਸਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਤੱਖ ਉਦਾਹਰਣ ਹੈ। ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਰਮੇ ਦੇ ਬੀਜ ਬਜ਼ਾਰ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਵੱਡਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਇੱਕ ਵੱਡੀ ਬੀਜ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਮੋਨਸੈਂਟੋ ਕਈ ਢੰਗਾ ਨਾਲ ਕੰਟਰੋਲ ਕਰ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। ਇੰਨਾ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਅੱਜ ਬਜ਼ਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਰਮੇ ਦਾ ਸਧਾਰਨ ਬੀਜ ਕਿਤੇ ਵੀ ਉਪਲਭਧ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ। ਇੱਥੋਂ ਤੱਕ ਕਿ ਸਰਕਾਰਾਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਕੀਮਤ ਮਿੱਥਣਾ ਵੀ ਟੇਢੀ ਖੀਰ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਜਿਹੜੀਆਂ ਪ੍ਰਾਂਤਕ ਸਰਕਾਰਾਂ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਹਿੱਤਾ ਦੀ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬੀਜ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਦੋ-ਚਾਰ ਹੋਣਾ ਪੈਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਬੀਟੀ ਬੀਜ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਕੀਮਤ ਮਿੱਥਣ ਦੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਕਦਮ ਦਾ ਕਰੜਾਂ ਵਿਰੋਧ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇੱਥੋਂ ਤੱਕ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਸਰਕਾਰਾਂ ਤਾਂਈ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਰੋਕਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਧਮਕੀਆਂ ਤੱਕ ਦੇ ਦਿੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ।

ਬੀਟੀ ਬੀਜ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜੀ ਐੱਮ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾਣ ਦਾ ਇਹ ਬੇਹੱਦ ਡਰਾਵਣਾ ਪੱਖ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਵਲੋ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਹੋਣ ਦੀ ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਕੋਲ ਨਰਮੇ ਦੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਟਾਕ ਲਗਭਗ ਖ਼ਤਮ ਹੋ ਚੁਕੇ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ ਦੂਸਰੀਆਂ ਫਸਲਾਂ ਲਈ ਵੀ ਉੱਭਰ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। ਉਪਰੋਕਤ ਤੱਥਾਂ ਦੀ ਰੌਸ਼ਨੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨੂੰ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਬੀਜ ਸੰਪ੍ਰਭੂਤਾ ਦੇ ਮੁੱਦੇ ਨੂੰ ਪੂਰੀ ਗੰਭੀਰਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਲਵੇ।ਉਪਰੋਕਤ ਸੰਦਰਭ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਸ਼ਾ (1S81) ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਸਤਾਵ:

• ਖੇਤੀ ਖੋਜ਼ ਅਤੇ ਅਗਾਂਊ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ (ਐਕਸਟੈਂਸ਼ਨ) ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਪ੍ਰੋਜੈਕਟਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਬਜਟ ਵਿੱਚ ਗੁਣਵੱਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਸਥਾਨਕ ਢੁੱਕਵੇਂਪਣ ਦੇ ਪੱਖ ਤੋਂ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੇ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਭਰਪੂਰ ਵਿਕਾਸ, ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਾਵੀ ਵੰਡ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਸਾਨ ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਹਿਭਾਗੀ ਬੀਜ ਪੈਦਾਵਾਰ ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਹਿਲ ਦੇ ਆਧਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ।

• ਸਰਕਾਰ ਪਿੰਡ ਪੱਧਰ 'ਤੇ ਸਥਾਨਕ ਜਲਵਾਯੂ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਢੁੱਕਵੇਂ ਅਤੇ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਭਰਪੂਰ ਸਮੁਦਾਇਕ ਬੀਜ ਬੈਂਕ ਬਣਾਏ। ਜਿਹੜੇ ਕਿ ਪਿੰਡ ਪੱਧਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਜਿੰਮੇਵਾਰ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਚਲਾਏ ਜਾਣ। ਬੀਜ ਵਿਭਿੰਨਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਮੇਂ ਸਿਰ ਬੀਜ ਉਪਲਭਧ ਕਰਵਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਬੀਜ ਬੈਂਕ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਲੋੜੀਂਦੀ ਆਰੰਭਿਕ ਰਾਸ਼ੀ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਉਪਲਭਧ ਕਰਵਾਈ ਜਾਵੇ।

ਸਰਕਾਰ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਚਲਾਏ ਜਾ ਰਹੇ ਬੀਜ ਬੈਂਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਅਨੁਭਵ ਇਹ ਦਸਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਪਿੰਡ ਸਿਰਫ ਇੱਕ ਵਾਰ 150,000 ਰੁਪਏ ਦਾ ਨਿਵੇਸ਼ ਇੱਕ ਪਿੰਡ ਨੂੰ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਪੱਖੋਂ ਆਤਮ ਨਿਰਭਰ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਕਾਫੀ ਹੈ। ਇਖਲਾਕੀ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਪਿੰਡ ਪੱਧਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਖੇਤੀ ਲਈ ਚਲਾਏ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਕੈਪੇਸਿਟੀ ਬਿਲਡਿੰਗ ਅਤੇ ਅਗਾਂਊ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਜੋੜਿਆ ਜਾਣਾ ਵੀ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਬੀਜ ਵਟਾਂਦਰਾ ਦਰਾਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਵਧੇਰੇ ਜੋਰ ਦੇਣ ਦੀ ਬਜਾਏ ਬੀਜ ਸੁਧਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਕੰਮਾਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਸਮਰਥਾਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਯੋਗਤਾਵਾਂ ਵਿਕਸਿਤ ਕਰਨ ਵੱਲ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਧਿਆਨ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਵੇ।

• ਨਿੱਜੀ ਖੇਤਰ ਇਕ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਅਧੀਨ ਕੰਮ ਕਰੇ ਜਿਸ ਤਹਿਤ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਨਾ ਸਿਰਫ ਕੁਆਲਿਟੀ ਬਲਕਿ ਕੀਮਤਾਂ ਮਿੱਥਣ ਦਾ ਵੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਰੱਖਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ। ਬੀਜ ਵਪਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਜਵਾਬਦੇਹੀ ਅਤੇ ਜਿੰਮੇਦਾਰੀ ਤੈਅ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ ਤਾਂ ਕਿ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੀ ਕੁਤਾਹੀ ਹੋਣ ਦੀ ਸੂਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਜੁਰਮਾਨੇ ਅਤੇ ਮੁਆਵਜੇ ਆਦਿ ਉਗਰਾਹੇ ਜਾ ਸਕਣ।
ਅੱਜ ਕਿਸਾਨੀ ਘਾਟੇ ਦਾ ਸੌਦਾ ਸਾਬਿਤ ਹੋ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। ਇਸਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਕਾਰਨ ਇਹ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕਿਸਾਨ ਨਾ ਸਿਰਫ ਘਟੀਆ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਖ਼ਰੀਦਣ ਲਈ ਮਜ਼ਬੂਰ ਹਨ ਸਗੋਂ ਕਿਸੇ ਸਰਕਾਰੀ ਕੰਟਰੋਲ ਦੀ ਅਣਹੋਂਦ ਕਾਰਨ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਉੱਚੀ ਕੀਮਤ ਤਾਰਨ ਲਈ ਵੀ ਬੇਬਸ ਹਨ। ਜੇਕਰ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਬੀਜ ਵਪਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਜਵਾਬਦੇਹੀ ਅਤੇ ਜਿੰਮੇਵਾਰੀ ਤੈਅ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਕੁਤਾਹੀ ਦੀ ਸੂਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਲਈ ਸ਼ਜਾ ਅਤੇ ਜ਼ੁਰਮਾਨੇ ਦੀ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ ਤਾਂ ਬੀਜ ਵਪਾਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਿਰਫ ਅਤੇ ਸਿਰਫ ਉਹੀ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਟਿਕਣਗੀਆਂ ਜਿਹੜੀਆਂ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਇਮਾਨਦਾਰਾਨਾ ਅਤੇ ਗੰਭੀਰ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਅਪਣਾਉਣਗੀਆਂ।


• ਅਜਿਹੀਆਂ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਬੀਜ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਬੀਜ ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਕਾਰਨ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨੀ, ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਅਤੇ ਜਾਨਵਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਿਹਤ ਜੋਖਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੈ ਜਾਣ ਦਾ ਖ਼ਤਰਾ ਹੋਵੇ ਦੇ ਖੁੱਲੇ ਟਰਾਇਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਇਜਾਜ਼ਤ ਉਦੋਂ ਤੱਕ ਨਾ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ ਜਦੋਂ ਉਹ ਪਾਰਦਰਸ਼ੀ ਫੈਸਲੇ ਲੈਣ ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਸਹਿਭਾਗੀ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਲੰਮਾਂ ਸਮਾਂ ਚੱਲਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਬਾਇਓਸੇਫਟੀ ਟੈਸਟਾਂ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਪਾਕ-ਸਾਫ ਨਾ ਨਿਕਲ ਜਾਵੇ। ਇਸ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੂਬਾ ਸਰਕਾਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਫੈਸਲੇ ਲੈਣ ਦੀ ਆਪਣੀ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨਿਕ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਪੂਰਾ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਹੋਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਤਾਂ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਇਸ ਸਬੰਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਾਇਸੰਸਿੰਗ ਸਮੇਤ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ 'ਤੇ ਸੂਬਾ ਪੱਧਰੀ ਨਿਯੰਤ੍ਰਨ ਅਥਾਰਟੀ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਉੱਚਿਤ ਫੈਸਲੇ ਲੈ ਸਕੇ।

• ਨਿਯੰਤ੍ਰਨ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਇੱਕੋ ਵੇਲੇ ਇਹ ਵੀ ਨਜ਼ਰਸਾਨੀ ਕਰਨ ਕਿ ਕਿਤੇ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਏਕਧਿਕਾਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਵਾਇਦਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਚੱਲ ਰਹੀਆਂ ਜੇ ਹਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਰੋਕਣ ਦੇ ਲੋੜੀਂਦੇ ਬੰਦੋਬਸਤ ਕਰਨ।

• ਬੀਜਾਂ/ਜਰਮ ਪਲਾਜਮ/ ਪਲਾਂਟਿੰਗ ਮਟੀਰੀਅਲ ਜਾਂ ਉਤਪਾਦਾਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਆਈ ਪੀ ਆਰਜ਼ ਅਰਥਾਤ ਬੌਧਿਕ ਸੰਪਦਾ ਅਰਥਾਤ ਪੇਟੈਂਟ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਆਗਿਆ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋਣੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ। ਖਾਸਕਰ ਉਦੋਂ ਜਦੋਂ ਇਹ ਸਭ ਬੀਜਾਂ 'ਤੇ ਏਕਧਿਕਾਰ ਵੱਲ ਵਧਣ ਦੀ ਕਵਾਇਦ ਬਣ ਜਾਵੇ ਤੇ ਜਦੋਂ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਮੂਲ ਅਧਿਕਾਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਲੁੱਟ ਅਤੇ ਉਲੰਘਣਾ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੋਵੇ ਅਤੇ ਜਦੋਂ ਆਈ ਪੀ ਆਰਜ਼ ਦਾ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਹੁਤ ਉੱਚੇ ਰੇਟਾਂ 'ਤੇ ਵੇਚਣ ਲਈ ਇਸਤੇਮਾਲ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੋਵੇ, ਬੀਜਾਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਪੇਟੈਂਟ ਅਧਿਕਾਰ ਦੇਣ ਦੀ ਮਨਾਹੀ ਹੋਣੀ ਬਹੁਤ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ।

• ਦੇਸ਼ ਦੇ ਸਮੂਹ ਕਿਸਾਨ ਭਾਈਚਾਰੇ ਦੀ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਤਰਜੀਹ ਅਤੇ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਦੇਸ਼ ਭਰ ਵਿੱਚਂ ਫਸਲਾਂ ਦਾ ਜਰਮ ਪਲਾਜਮ ਇਕੱਠਾ ਕਰਨ, ਸੰਭਾਲਣ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਾਧਾ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਹੋਣੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ।

ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੋਈ ਸ਼ੱਕ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਿ ਅਸੀਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਪੁਰਖਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੋਂ ਬੀਜ ਬਚਾਉਣ ਅਤੇ ਸੰਭਾਲਣ ਦੀ ਇਸ ਮਹਾਨ ਕਲਾ, ਹੁਨਰ ਅਤੇ ਵਿੱਗਿਆਨ ਤੋਂ ਚੰਗੀ ਤਰ•ਾ ਜਾਣੂ ਹਾਂ। ਸੱਚ ਤਾਂ ਇਹ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਅੱਜ ਵੀ ਕੰਪਨੀਆਂ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਵੇਚੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਜਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਗ਼ੈਰ ਜੀ ਐੱਮ ਬੀਜ ਆਮ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਆਪਣੇ ਖੇਤਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਤਿਆਰ ਕੀਤੇ ਹੋਏ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਉੱਤੇ ਕੰਪਨੀ ਦਾ ਸਿਰਫ ਠੱਪਾ ਮਾਤਰ ਲੱਗਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਸਾਡਾ ਮੰਨਣਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਵੱਡਮੁੱਲੀਆਂ ਕਦਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਧਰੋਹਰ ਇਸਦੇ ਅਸਲੀ ਵਾਰਸਾਂ ਕੋਲ ਵਾਪਸ ਜਾਣੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹਦਾ ਇੱਕਮਾਤਰ ਰਸਤਾ ਇਹ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ ਕਿ ਦੇਸ਼ ਭਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਥਾਂ-ਥਾਂ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਲਈ ਚਲਾਏ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਬੀਜ ਵਿਰਾਸਤ ਕੇਂਦਰ ਖੋਲ ਜਾਣ। ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਸੰਚਾਲਨ ਤੇ ਰੱਖ-ਰਖਾਅ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਸਤਰੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਅਹਿਮ ਭੂਮਿਕਾ ਹੋਵੇ। ਇਹ ਬੀਜ ਵਿਰਾਸਤ ਕੇਂਦਰ ਇਕ ਵਪਾਰਕ ਸੰਸਥਾਨ ਨਾ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਕਿਸਾਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਬੀਜਾਂ ਦੇ ਆਦਾਨ-ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ, ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੰਭਾਲਣ ਦੇ ਗਿਆਨ-ਵਿੱਗਿਆਨ ਅਤੇ ਪਿੰਡ-ਪਿੰਡ ਬੀਜ ਖੁਦਮੁਖਤਿਆਰੀ ਦਾ ਬਿਗਲ ਵਜਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਸੰਗਠਿਤ ਲੋਕ ਉਪਰਾਲਾ ਹੋਣਗੇ।

-ਉਮੇਂਦਰ ਦੱਤ
ਖੇਤੀ ਵਿਰਾਸਤ ਮਿਸ਼ਨ,
ਜੈਤੋ (ਫ਼ਰੀਦਕੋਟ)

Friday, December 31, 2010

Women vowed to make their kitchen pesticide free and reintroduce millets in food

Report of Nav-Trinjan
At Chaina Village

By Amanjot Kaur


Background
Trinjan, this word is much known to Punjabi women. When one talks about Trinjan with old women you can feel a glow on their faces and twinkle in their eyes. Trinjan used to be a part of our rich culture but unfortunately on the name of development and Green revolution this lovely part seized from Punjabi women and now new generation of Punjab not familiar with this.
Trinjan, a symbol of liberty and wisdom of women, provides a platform to women for sharing its skills like embroidery, weaving, knitting, spinning, cooking , health and as well as traditional knowledge related with agriculture like seeds, sowing, herbs etc. women also shared their sorrows and joys with each other in Trinjan. It also strengthened their relationship which totally missed in these times because they could perform these activities in any home of the village at any time, no one objected on it. Trinjan also provided opportunity to women for entertainment and passing-on of creative intelligence to younger generation by singing folk songs, dancing and jokes.
Women Action for Ecology, a part of Kheti Virasat Mission is making efforts to revive this precious thing of our culture by giving it a new name ‘Nav-Trinjan’. Nav-Trinjan, because it also encompasses women’s initiative to contemporary civilization, social and ecological challenges. Nav-Trinjan is an venture to provide a platform to women again with much wider canvas and women’s quest on broader horizons, it’s a unique effort of KVM. Nav-Trinjan are evolved to make sure the participation of women in any mitigation process to tackle present-day challenges to Punjab, by taking-up pesticide free kitchen and pesticide free farming. It’s our convection that without the participation of women it is not possible to make Punjab pesticide free.


Nav-Trinjan at Chaina

Nav-Trinjan at Chaina was organized on 26th December 2010 for the preparations of this eve, coordinator met women at individual level and in collective meetings also. Village women well known to this concept so it was not difficult to convince them for this. They looked very interested on organizing it. They offered themselves for any arrangements. A team was formed and they took responsibilities to make traditional foods themselves. Cultural part of Nav-Trinjan was also looked after by women themselves. Young girls Harmanjot Kaur and Rajwinder Kaur took the responsibility of Giddha and Sammi.
It was a foggy Sunday with chilling cold of 4 degree temperature, but women of Chaina village got up early to finish their household work so that they can join this eve. It was very memorable moments where everyone helped each other in her work.
Programme was started on 11o’clock. In spite of fog and cold people of village reached at high school ground. Programme started with introductory remarks by Umendra Dutt, Executive Director, KVM. He called upon the villagers and women in particular to make Punjab poison free, make food chain of Punjab safe again and to save future generations of Punjab from pesticides. He asked audience to join KVM’s initiative to bring Sarbat-Da-Bhala means wellbeing for all in real terms. He urged upon the women to take-up control of kitchens in their hands to introduce Millets to their platter and develop taste of millet based food among their children.
In his inaugurating lecture Dr. Sunil Arya on the ‘Kitchen kit- masaledani as medicine kit’. In his lecture, he told the women how they can treat many diseases without going to a doctor’s clinic. Jeera (cumin), ajwain, methi Dana, turmeric, adrak, and kali mirch were used by people for acidity, fever, joint pain and many other diseases and he also shared his views on the importance of millets like bajra, Jowar, ragi, kangani etc.
“Millets are the great source of fiber, iron, calcium which are good to health. it is very useful in case of obesity, diabetes. When you have already these nutritious things at your home then why don’t you use these things to remain healthy? “Asked by Dr. Sunil Arya
In this programme many new experiments did and for those we got very positive response from the public like talk on health issues and quiz competition on cultural and agricultural knowledge. Quiz competition was the unique part of this programme because from 6 years old child to 70-80 years old person participated in it. Everyone wanted to answer. It proved very helpful in creating interest of people and enhanced their knowledge. It was coordinated by Harmel Preet.
To make this programme knowledgeable as well as entertaining, Sammi – a kind of traditional dance created by a girl named Sammi , and Giddha performed by village girls. It was the first Trinjan programme in which boys also participated. They performed Bhangra. It was coordinated by Mr. Gurdeep Singh and Manpreet Singh. They also helped in supported activities.
Main components of Nav-Trinjan were Traditional millet based food and competitions of spinning and nala weaving. spinning competition was won by Gurmeet Kaur and Nala weaving competition won by Baljinder Kaur.
Villagers relished millet based traditional nutritious food like Bajre, Jowar,
Makki di roti, Sarso da saag, bajre, Jowar, makki, kanak de bhoot pinne, moth-Bajre di khichdi, Kheer etc. Children in large number are seems to be crazy for Bajra Bhoot pinaas. It was general feeling that children of Chaina village will demand more Bajra Bhoot-pinnas this year. The garlic and Chibber chatni is most hit thing.
In the experience sharing session by bibiyan which was included on the first time in this programme, Bebe Malkeet Kaur , 70 years old shared her experience of kitchen gardening and reintroduction of millets in kitchen. She told audience that how she is cultivating vegetables in a natural way which tastes better than chemical vegetables. She is doing all things by herself. Her daughter-in-laws helps her sometimes. She spelled out that people of village commented and underestimate her by making fun of her but she never give up. She does not only cultivate vegetables at her home but also spread this message to more and more people. In her address She inspired villagers and gave a rousing call to other women to adopt kitchen gardening and reintroduction of millets in their kitchens. By her enthusiasm Bebe Malkeet Kaur seems to be youngest soldier of entire team.
Amarjeet Sharma, Head of local Vatavaran Panchyat and a practicing natural farming farmer, also shared about her experiences. He stated that he gets high rates for his organic production which chemical farmers never get. He buys only tea and salt from the market, other things are produced by him in his field. He also described the ill effects of chemical farming not only on the health but also on the social and economical and on next generation. He indicated worries on upcoming challenges for next generation who will get everything poisoned. If it is water, air, land, milk or any eatable thing, everything will be poisoned for them. In those situations, how one can think about good and healthy life? So it is our generation’s duty to hand over healthy and poison free land, air, water to our next generation as our elders did.
Now Nav-Trinjan got a place in the hearts of village people. People offered themselves to be a part of this initiative. We found this when a shepred named Jeet Singh contacted us to be a part of this. He sang a song on his traditional instrument Tumbi. People appreciated and rewarded him.
Awards and certificates awarded to winners and participants. The uniqueness in it was that awards were not given by any known personality but by older village women who are the backbone of our movement. Chief Guest Dr. Sunil Arya, Jeet Singh, Bebe Malkeet Kaur and Bebe Lajwanti Sharma honored with Siropas.
Dr. Sunil Arya had a discussion with young girls in which he gave them tips to remain young and beautiful without spending any single penny by following some tips like avoiding tea, fat, chicken and sugar. He suggested them to bring out millets again in their platter because of its nutritious value. Dr. Arya also listen the health problems of women and prescribed them medicines which are easily available in their kitchens. He stressed on change their wrong food habits and took exercise and yoga daily to keep them healthy. He advised women not to go to doctors for those diseases which can be easily treated at home.
The last but not least traditional as well as nutritious food cooked by village women under the endeavor to reintroduce millets in food chain which are totally missed out even in villages. Food was served to audience by local people. The programme was ended with the hope and positive message to make Chaina village pesticide free.
KVM will organize around 15 Nav-Trinjan festivals this year.

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Author Amanjot Kaur is working with Kheti Virasat Mission as Women Action Coordinator

Saturday, July 10, 2010

Punjab: An Environmental toxicity hotspot heading towards death ?

Punjab: An Environmental toxicity hotspot heading towards death ?

Punjab’s Ecosystem is full of Poisons!

By Dr Amar Singh Azad,
M.B.B.S, M.D. (Community Medicine), M.D. (Pediatrics)
Working President
Kheti Virasat Mission

It is increasingly becoming obvious that Punjab is turning into a hotspot of Environmental Toxicity. We have more than two hundred dangerous chemicals in our environment including our own bodies. Chemical Toxicity is the known story but recently added Radioactive Toxicity is relatively less talked about. This is quite obvious now that agricultural and industrial policies of the governments in Post Independence India have turned Punjab into hub of chemical toxicity. Highly toxic chemicals have been added into the soil, water, air and food chain of Punjab for the last many decades under the name of development. However the radio active toxicity is only one to two decades old. Toxicity of Genetically Modified Crops (Bt. Toxin) has also been added recently and has the potential of causing disaster in itself.
For the last few decades dangerously toxic agricultural inputs-Pesticides and Fertilizers are being used blindly, mindlessly and without any scientific evidence of their actual need. The Multinational Corporations which are the producers and their Governments have succeeded in making them indispensable for agriculture in Punjab. Most of these chemicals are persistent in nature (not easily biodegradable). They go on accumulating in the environment with the passage of time. Their levels go on increasing in the air, water, soil, food chain and bodies of animals and human beings. Unfortunately these toxic inputs are being used in spite of the fact that many of them are banned in Europe and America. As their levels increase beyond certain levels the health of all living beings is adversely affected. This stage has already reached in Punjab.
In Punjab we are being affected by mixed toxicity. The studies are few in number. We know what the level of research in our society is. We also know the level of the political will of our Governments to find out the root causes of ill health. We also know that how our government machinery is hand in glove with the criminals who are the cause of these root causes. In spite of all these severe handicaps we (those interested in the welfare of people) are able to gather certain observations/studies which are enough to reach certain minimum conclusions. Whatever information is available is enough to raise the questions. The observations/studies up to now are enough to say with confidence that Punjabis are a Toxicity Affected Community and our environment is full of dangerous toxins. The Toxins which are present in the environment of Punjab are much in excess of the safe limits:-
1. Fluorides: Fluoride levels of many regions in Punjab are high. This has been a known fact since half a century. It is most unfortunate that the Governments have never even tried to do the region wise mapping of Fluoride levels in the ground water. It is even more unfortunate that even after half a century of knowing the high levels in Malwa, no Government has ever made a serious effort to provide Fluoride Free Drinking water to the people of that region. Excessive Fluoride in water is not only natural in origin it is also added through the industrial waste water of some of the industries. Excessive Fluoride in the water is highly toxic. Earlier it was thought to damage bones and teeth. Brown and Brittle Teeth of Malwa Belt are a very familiar sign and identity of the people of this region. Joint and Bone Problems including the Spine Deformities are known even to the common man of High Fluoride Regions of Punjab. Lately the Scientific Understanding of High Fluoride Levels in drinking water has dramatically changed. Now it is well known that it is toxic not only for bones and teeth but all the systems of our body. Now it is being said that High Fluoride Levels in Drinking Water can ruin the whole body physiology. It should also be noted that Fluorides are not only natural but are very high the effluents from certain industries.
2. Agricultural Toxins: Highly toxic Agricultural Toxins are being used much in excess of the safe limits without any scientific rationale. We, in Punjab with 2% of country’s land are using 18% of these chemicals. Most of these chemicals are manufactured by foreign MNCs and their trade is done just like karyana items without any rule or regulation. Many of these chemicals are banned in the western countries but are being used openly in our country on a large scale. Their use has increased tremendously over the last four decades. No Government has ever tried to assess the damage being caused to human health and the ecosystem. No Government has ever tried to assess weather they are really indispensable. No Government has ever tried to find an effective and safe alternative to these chemicals. Our Agricultural Scientists have never worked to make our own model (non chemical) a success. They have blindly accepted a borrowed model from the people who had no sense of agriculture and very superficial understanding of nature. People are being poisoned en masse and whole eco system is dying under the severe toxicity created by these highly persistent poisons.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 60% of herbicides, 90 % of fungicides and 30%of insecticides are known to be carcinogenic. Alarmingly, pesticide residues have been detected in 50% - 95% of U.S. foods. Large number of studies point out that Cancer, Parkinson's disease, miscarriage, nerve damage, birth defects, blocking the absorption of food nutrients etc. are because of these toxins. Even a worse picture exists in Punjab.

3. Industrial Toxins: For the last 3-4 decades the industry in Punjab is throwing its untreated toxic waste water into water streams. Earlier Buddha Nalah was notorious for this because of the Ludhiana based industry but now this picture is true about all the drains/rivers of Punjab. This highly toxic water is being used for irrigation because alternative source of clean water is not available. That is the way our foods are being grown in highly toxic water. The wheat and rice being supplied to whole of the country are irrigated by toxic water from the industries and chemical fertilizers and pesticides are being used on whole sale basis. You can well imagine the plight of those people who are eating the wheat and rice from Punjab. The toxic water; which is flowing in our streams and rivers, for the last so many years has poisoned our ground water grossly. This water has grossly polluted the upper aquifers up to 200 feet. It has happened many times that the industry was caught throwing its toxic water directly into the ground water by making a bore well. See the level of crime! No industrialist has ever been jailed for crime of poisoning natural resource water in spite of the law which was always there. The state, whose very name is for its waters; the Rishis, Munis, Gurus and poets composed and sang songs in praise of our waters, are grossly dirty, polluted, and poisonous. The water which is a basic source of life is a source of ill health and death now. What a shame?

4. Unregulated use of Fossil Fuels: the excessive and unregulated use of fossil fuels for vehicles, for electricity production and for domestic purposes is also adding highly poisonous chemicals to our environment. For example, Coal Based Thermal Power Plants are known to add dangerous toxins into our environment. The other major polluters through fossil fuels are industry, mechanized and chemical agriculture and vehicles
5. Radio Active Toxins: For the last few years it is being pointed out that Depleted Uranium, which was used in two Gulf Wars and Afghanistan War has spread to the surrounding regions. In India it was first pointed out by Retired. Naval Chief, Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat in 2004. DU Mapping of the region around Kabul and Basra has been done by those who are following this issue since it came to light. Now it has spread to 1000 miles radius around Kabul and Basra. The mapping done for the presence of uranium is shown in the map below.

North West India which includes whole of Undivided Pre partition Punjab comes in this circle of 1000 miles from Kabul. The Studies done in Punjab prove it. The presence of Uranium in the hair of 87% of children of Baba Farid Centre, the water samples by Baba Farid Centre and by GNDU Amritsar and the studies of food chain go to establish that Uranium is definitely there in our environment, food chain and whole of ecosystem including our bodies in much higher concentration.
Whether source is Gulf /Afghanistan Wars? Most probably the source is this one. But we should keep our minds open. Some other source may also be contributing to the high levels of Uranium in this region.
6. BPA and Other Plastic Based Toxins: The irrational use of plastics, their production and unscientific disposal scatters plastic based toxins into the environment which are persistent in nature and are highly toxic. Large numbers of studies prove their toxic nature and scientists all over the world are asking for ban on the use of plastics for storing foods. They are also demanding a strict ban on use and throw type plastic containers and envelops which are playing havoc with the environment.
7. Unregulated and Unscientific Waste Disposal: Disposal of solid and liquid waste is done in highly polluting way. To cite only one example- go to any street in our cities you will find the sweepers are burning their collected waste. It is a mixed type of waste containing even plastic and rubber which is burning all around in our cities. The precious organic waste like fallen leaves (which should have been returned to the earth are also being burnt. Similarly highly toxic liquid waste from city sewers is being thrown into the fresh water streams without any treatment with disastrous consequences.
8. Heavy Metals: Metals like arsenic, mercury, lead, aluminum and cadmium, which are prevalent in many areas of our environment, can accumulate in soft tissues of the body. Cancer, neurological disorders, Alzheimer's disease, foggy head, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels are some of the ill health effects of excessive heavy metals in our environment.
Heavy Metals come from Drinking water, fish, vaccines, pesticides, preserved wood, antiperspirant, building materials, dental amalgams, chlorine plants and many Pharmaceuticals.
9. Pharmaceuticals: Thousands of tons of toxic pharmaceutical are being thrown into water streams or thrown in the soil. Why?? They have not been used timely and expiry date has reached. Chemists and Hospital throw tons of their expired drugs into water bodies or dump on the soil. Patient purchased but did not consume because of large number of reasons-thrown into dust bin or sewer. In the process of manufacturing of drugs, the industry may be throwing the pharmaceuticals in the environment.


10. GM Toxicity: Bt Cotton was brought to India under the deceitful version of cotton being not a food crop because in India there was clear cut ban of Bt technology for food crops. But now these foreign MNCs are making serious efforts to bring GM/Bt food crops in India. There are lots of studies/ observations which show that this technology has lots of adverse impacts on human and animal health and ecosystem. There is a large body of evidence which clearly shows that GM Technology has the potential to prove the biggest ecological disaster. But MNCs are pushing it for very narrow and selfish ends.
Manifestations of Toxicity:
We are now amply sure that we are a toxicity affected community. But how to suspect and diagnose it?
Manifestations of Human Health:
All the tissues/organs of human body function on the basis of very delicate chemicals (hormones and enzymes etc.). Presence of strong/toxic chemicals (particularly the ones which are man made/not natural) in the body disturbs the body functioning and give rise to diseases/malfunctioning. Any toxin in the environment quickly reaches food chain, water cycle and human body. Whenever it reaches in the body, it tries to throw it out. The speed/efficiency with which the body can detoxify the toxin varies from person to person and depends on large number of factors. If the body is not able to throw it out with the speed at which it is entering the body, it accumulates gradually to dangerous levels and produces disease state.
Once a toxin reaches a critical level in the body, it damages cell wall/ other cellular components including genes. Once the cell components are damaged, the body becomes highly prone to various types of infectious and non infectious diseases. Following are some of the manifestations in relation to human health: In addition to being neurotoxic, these compounds are profoundly immunotoxic and are often toxic to the endocrine system as well. The adverse health effects are not limited to those systems only, as these compounds can also cause a variety of dermatological, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, respiratory, musculoskeletal and craniological l problems. Heavy metals poison a diverse range of enzyme function, affecting virtually every system of the body.
The prevalence of all of the following has tremendously increased in Punjab as compared to 20-30 years back. Go to any village, you can get the observations of the men in the street. Don’t go by the statistics of our health department. These people are cut off from the people. They have no statistics or their figures are entirely wrong.
1.Gastro intestinal symptoms: Diminished appetite, urge to go to latrine as soon as we eat food, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, burning sensation in the stomach, bloated abdomen and gas formation etc. are very common in our rural community which is being affected by toxicity. The majority of our people are suffering from such signs and symptoms. In the villages on the banks of drains like Teja Ruhela and Duna Nanka of Fazilka Area (which have been extensively reported by the media), every body had these type of problems. The villagers challenged us-“Go to the village, you can’t find a single person who is not suffering from pet di bimaari”
2.Repeated episodes of Coryza: ‘Zucaam’ (Coryza), cough with fever, pus from ears and other upper respiratory (recurrent or chronic type) problems are very common in Punjab. Earlier our people used to have one episode of ‘zucam’ in the beginning of winter season. But now large number of Punjabis, more so the children suffer from as many as six episodes of ‘zucam’ in one year.
3.Lowered Immunity/ Immunotoxicity
Members of the community under toxicity will exhibit signs of lowered immunity. Punjabis are visibly showing signs of Lowered Immunity. They catch all diseases more easily than a community not under toxicity. The prevalence of many diseases have increased significantly and they are more serious and life threatening in nature. The evidence of lowered Immunity is very obvious in most of the Punjabis. Perpetually rising prevalence of Bacterial, Viral and Fungal Infections—Respiratory, Gut, Liver (Hepatitis-A, B, C, D and E etc.); Nervous System, GIT, Skin and other organs is obvious. Rising prevalence of Drug resistance in Bacterial and Fungal Diseases (TB, Typhoid, UTI, STIs Hospital Acquired Infections) etc. is also visible in our people. The most dangerous disease-Tuberculosis is increasingly becoming MDR (Multi Drug Resistant).
Environmental chemicals have a wide range of damaging effects on the function of the immune system. These range from decreased cell-mediated immunity (with a decrease in infection and tumor fighting capacity) to increased sensitivity (allergy) and increased autoimmunity.
4.Autoimmune Diseases and Immunotoxicity
The development of autoimmunity has been linked with chemical exposure as well. The notion of chemically-induced autoimmune states is not new; since many chemicals are known to induce the onset of Systemic Lupus Erethematosis (SLE). Some chemicals, like formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds, are thought to induce tissue-specific autoimmune reactions by acting as haptens. These low-molecular-weight molecules will bind to various tissues in the body, making a new antigenic combination. The immune system then makes an antibody to this new combination which can attack the parent tissue with or without the chemicals being present. Chemically exposed individuals will often present with elevated antibodies to certain body tissues, including anti-myelin, anti-parietal, anti-brush border. The prevalence of diseases falling in this category have tremendously risen in Punjab.
5.Vague Symptoms: Vague symptoms like aches and pains, headache, irritability, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Sick Building Syndrome,Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), diminished memory, feeling of not being well, lack of confidence, feeling of unhappiness, lowered anger threshold, lack of enthusiasm, lack of vigor and decreased libido etc are found very frequently in a community under toxicity. This has led to the increased prevalence of Addictions (Drug Abuse/Substance Abuse) to overcome this feeling and for having a feeling of VAHO, which should have been natural in a healthy person. In Punjab most of the people are suffering from such symptoms.
6.Musculo-Skeletal Disorders: Bone and Joint problems are highly prevalent in our villages. It is well established now that chronic toxicity is the major culprit. In Punjab there is flood of this category of ill health.
7.Anemia: Anemia is very common manifestation of toxicity. Anemia in our people is so universal that it is rare to find a child or a woman with normal hemoglobin. Now it is common even in adult males, which never used to be earlier. It is established fact now that chronic toxicity hinders in the synthesis of hemoglobin.
8.Growth and Development: All grades of adverse effects on growth and development will be seen. The number of stunted / under weight people has increased tremendously. We find quite a number of people with stunted growth. Similarly the people with delayed development are quite common.
9. Neurological /Psychological Manifestations /Neurotoxicity: The evidence of damage to the nervous system is in plenty. The children with learning disabilities, ADHD, ADD, Autism and gross mental retardation with or without Cerebral Palsy and large number of other neurological / psychological disorders including drug/substance abuse have increased remarkably.
Every village of Punjab is having 5-20 severely affected individuals. It is well known that for every severely affected person there will be ten moderately or mildly affected ones which will not be visible to the ordinary person. Such people are usually brushed aside as –duffers-dull-naughty-hyper active-disobedient-slow-sluggish-angry etc. etc. They are always being rebuked by parents and teachers for no fault of theirs.
The nervous system is a particularly sensitive target for toxic agents for several reasons. Besides the nervous system being such a good target, there are powerful neurotoxic agents available to attack it. Most of the major classes of pesticides kill pests by attacking their nervous system. They are neurotoxins by design. The OCCs affect the nerve by disrupting the ion flow along the axon. The OPs, which came out of nerve gas research and carbamates, affect acetyl cholinesterase resulting in excessive acetylcholine levels in the synapses. Solvents, some of which were originally used as anesthetics, dampen the propagation and transmission of electrical impulses along the nerve axons. All of these agents produce various forms of toxic encephalopathy (acute or chronic, selective or diffuse toxic encephalopathy), as neuronopathies, axonopathies, myelinopathies or vasculopathies.

10.Reproductive System Effects: Our Reproductive System is the most sensitive system to be affected by the toxicity first of all other systems. Here multiplication of cells is the fastest of all other tissues. Our gonads and the developing child in the mother’s womb are very sensitive to toxins. That is perhaps the reason that whole spectrum of effects of toxicity are visible in Punjab. The effect of environmental chemicals, especially the estrogenic OCCs, is well documented. While many are estrogenic by themselves, when combined together, their estrogenicity can increase by a factor of 1,600. Some combinations can also cause previously non-estrogenic compounds to become estrogenic. However, there are also non-estrogenic toxic effects of the OCCs on both male and female reproduction. High levels of OCCs in the serum have been strongly linked to infertility, stillbirths and miscarriages. Urban air pollution has been associated with reduced male fertility. While there appears to be a worldwide decline in the sperm levels of males, males who are organic farmers have very high sperm density. This gives rise to the supposition that exposure to environmental chemicals lowers sperm levels, and that avoidance of such chemicals may help to bring the levels back up. There have been multiple studies on one OCC that is used agriculturally--dibromochloropropane (DBCP)--looking at its effect on sperm levels. These studies have demonstrated that exposure to DBCP leads to azospermia, and severe oligospermia. This may be only associated with DBCP or it may serve as a model of other OCC-induced spermatogenesis problems. Heavy metals such as lead and mercury, organic solvents, alcohol, and ionizing radiation are confirmed environmental teratogens, and exposure could contribute to pregnancy loss. Published data indicate that chemical exposures causes alterations in reproductive behavior and contribute to sub fecundity, infertility, pregnancy loss, growth retardation, intrauterine fetal demise, birth defect, and ovarian failure in laboratory animals and wildlife. Data on the association of chemical exposures and adverse reproductive outcomes in humans is available.. Studies indicate that chemical exposures are associated with infertility, spontaneous abortion, or reproductive cancer in women.
To count those which are glaringly visible in the Punjabis are--
(I) Decreased Sperm Count –there are studies which strongly prove that environmental toxins reduce the sperm count. From grand father to grand son sperm count has come down to half.
(II) Erectile Dysfunction—Erectile Dysfunction has become a common problem in the middle aged adults and even many young ones. The use of Sildenafil, Tidalafil and other Aphrodesiacs has tremendously increased. They sell like hot cakes. If you want to have a idea about the extent of their use-go to a chemist (who is friendly to you –otherwise he wouldn’t tell)
(III) Premature Menarche in Girls-Many of the girls are having pre mature menarche at 9-10 years of age in Punjab-earlier by 2-3 years.
(IV) Delayed Puberty in Boys-- Similarly the boys are having puberty 2-3 years later than earlier i.e. 30 years back.
(V) Rising Prevalence of Menstrual Disorders, Uterine Fibroids, And Ovarian Cysts: These diseases have increased markedly in Punjab. You will come across large number of women whose uterus and ovaries have been removed.
(VI) Spontaneous Abortions—large number (one fourth to half) of women of reproductive age group is having repeated Spontaneous Abortions. They have to take Hormonal Injections to complete their period of pregnancy (gestation). This phenomenon has become very common.
(VII) Premature Births, Still Births, Early Childhood Deaths have increased.—the children are getting born prematurely. They have to kept in Incubators in NICUs(Neonatal Intensive Care Units) to save them.
(VIII) Childless Couples. The number of Childless Couples has increased many folds as compared to 30 years back. We can easily find 5-20 Childless Couples in all our villages depending upon the size of the village. In addition we can find an equal number of couples who have conceived with assistance from the Fertility Clinic.
(IX) Congenital Abnormalities: The prevalence of congenital abnormalities have increased manifold. In males-the children are born without testes, with undescended testes, with hypospadias (an abnormality of the opening of the penis), with testicular cancer, with poor semen quality, or with abnormally small penises. In females- similar abnormities occur in females also. There are large number of other congenital abnormalities like Neural Tube Defects, T-O Fistulas, Talpes Equinovarus etc.which are also seen frequently in Punjab. Estrogen mimics and other type of toxins are widespread in the environment. Apart from Pesticides and Heavy Metals they are found in such commonly used products as paints, toiletries, and spermicides and as a breakdown product of the plastics used in some water jugs and baby bottles.
11.Kidney Diseases: Kidney problems are on the rise. Kidney Stones are very common in these areas. Other Kidney Diseases are also rising.
12.Skin and Hair Diseases: Fungal skin infections, Scabies, Bacterial and Viral Diseases of Skin, Skin Allergies, Excessive Falling of Hair, Pre-mature graying of Hair and large number of Skin Disorders have increased.
13.Liver Damage: liver problems are on the rise. Hepatitis B and C; Gall Bladder Disease etc have tremendously gone up.
14. Cancers / Toxin Associated Cancers: The Number of people developing Cancers is tremendously increasing. In USA, a study showed that men born in the 1940s had twice as many cancers as those born in 1888-1897, and more than twice as many cancers not linked to smoking. Women born in the 1940s had 50% more cancers, and 30% more cancers not linked to smoking One of the cancers that has a very clear association with environmental chemicals is breast cancer.
Childhood Cancers--Childhood cancers have also been evaluated for epidemiological association with chemical exposure. In one study, 45 childhood brain cancer patients were compared with 85 friend controls. It showed clear cut association with chemical toxicity. For adults, the use of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides (2,4-D) has been strongly associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, stomach cancer, leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma (two studies found a five-fold increased risk), non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) (five-to six-fold increased risk), and soft tissue sarcomas (many studies have found five- to seven-fold increased risk, with one review study finding a 40-fold increased risk). One study showed Kansas farmers having a six-fold increased risk of lymphomas and soft tissue sarcomas in persons using it 20+ days/year compared with non-exposed individuals. Those who mixed and applied herbicides and were exposed 20+ days/year were eight times as likely to contract NHL. Several studies have associated exposure to solvents with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma, and other forms of leukemia. Another study which looked at the cancer risk for painters showed increased cancer rates for multiple myeloma, bladder tumors, as well as kidney and other urothelial tumors. A study in Sweden of 275 confirmed diagnoses of multiple myeloma. This study revealed that exposures to chlorophenoxy acid herbicides (2, 4-D) and DDT were prime risk factors.
15.Genetic Mutaions: The study done by PGI Chandigarh, clearly showed that we, the Punjabis are getting our genes damaged because of environmental toxins. What is the meaning of it? This means that the person is not suffering from any disease at present but may suffer in later life or his coming generations will suffer from the ill effects of damaged genes.
Health Effects on Animals:
The effects of Environmental Toxins on wild animals and cattle are exactly alike to the effects on human beings. However as we do not deal with animals so closely and passionately as we deal with humans, we usually see only crude effects and miss the fine ones. Some of the effects which are visible in Punjab are ---
1. Large number of wild animals which were in plenty 20-30 years back are either not visible now or are too much reduced in number. A large number of birds-vulture, eagle family, crows, a large variety of sparrows and other birds are either totally gone or are in the process of being eliminated totally. Out of the 10000 species of sparrows, 7000 are already extinct while others are in the process of extinction. Earthworms are totally missing from the fields under chemical farming but are present where no chemicals are used. Fish, Frogs, Toads, Snakes and large number of Reptiles are drastically less in number as compared to three decades back. Termites, Ghumaars, Cheechak Vahauti, Jugnus and large number of friendly animals living in the fields are either missing or drastically reduced.
2. The Honey Bees are a barometer of the environment. Albert Einstein speculated that "If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe, then man would only have four years of life left."
Honey Bee which is considered to be a very sensitive index of Environmental Toxicity is almost gone. There were two varieties (one large one called Doomnan and small one) which were very common site in Punjab are rarely visible now.
3. Our cattle show a large spectrum of health effects because of Environmental Toxicity. The spectrum is similar to the one seen in human beings. The most prominent effects which affect us directly are noticed by our peasants—
I. The milk yield is less by 30% as compared to 20-30 years back.
II. The numbers of times the cattle get pregnant are also less by 30% e.g. a buffalo used to be pregnant about 15 times in her life span earlier. But they never cross 10 now.
III. Sterility amongst cattle has become very frequent. About 25 % don’t get pregnant at all. Another 25% abort the fetus. They have to be given Hormone Injections to save their pregnancy to full term.
IV. The rate of falling sick is very high in the cattle. The disease pattern is similar to humans exposed to toxicity.
V. Large numbers of cattle die prematurely.
If the bodies of our milk yielding, egg laying and meat giving animals are full of toxins and they are sick because of these toxins-what will happen to our health?
Effects on Plants /Crops /Agriculture/Farmers/Biodiversity:
Just like Animal Biodiversity, our Plant Biodiversity is being destroyed very fast. Large numbers of plant species are fast disappearing. With Wheat-Rice Cycle and because of the irrational and blind use of Herbicides, large numbers of plant species which had health imparting and medicinal values have disappeared. Those which are there, are full of toxins and because of the presence of these toxins their health imparting and medicinal value is no more the same as were before the use of agricultural poisons. On the contrary they may become cause of ill health because of these toxins.
The crops have become dependent on the use of these poisons. Farmer knows very clearly that the inputs he is using are poisonous. He knows that he is poisoning his own family and he is the sinner of poisoning other’s families. But he feels helpless because the decision making power has been snatched from him under a deep rooted and planned conspiracy. The whole process / techniques of Chemical Agriculture have shattered his faith on himself, on his religion /gurus and on the Nature /God. He has been made a partner in the mass murder of insects /plants /living beings and destruction of soil, water and nature. His profession which was divine in nature has been converted into a devil’s workshop. He suffers from a guilt complex and the consequences of feeling guilty are very grave. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders including suicides and addictions has attained epidemic proportions in the farmers’ families.

Out Ayurvedic System which is based on the medicinal qualities of plants is under attack. How can a plant full of toxins act as medicine? The people are falling sick en masse and in the absence of curing food and herbs, the people are being forced to take allopathic drugs which are themselves very dirty poisons.
The whole Food Chain in Punjab has been shattered. The poison moves from lower living beings to higher ones. In the process, the poison levels rise by the process of Bioconcentration and Biomagnification. Those are the reason, the animals higher in food chain, start falling ill and die prematurely. They are not able to reproduce. That is the way they get eliminated.
The plants have become weak. They need artificial support system (chemical fertilizers, pesticides and plenty of water) without which they don’t grow. Being biologically weak, the pests attack them to destroy them.
The constant use of chemical farming techniques and lack of biomass in the soil has depleted micro nutrients in the soil. So in addition to having lots of poisons, our foods are deficient in micronutrients. Plants need about 32 types of nutrients to grow properly/ naturally and give nourishing food to animals and humans. We add three in NPK and plants take Carbon from air. What about rest 28 nutrients. They have to come from the soil. They are not present in the soil firstly because of our chemical farming techniques and secondly even if they are there the microbes are not there which were to convert these nutrients to usable form.
The emergence of Super Weeds and Poisonous Plants is already happening because of the extensive use of herbicides and GM techniques.

Effects on Air / Water / Soil:

The Human Health does not exist in isolation. Human Health is part of a bigger phenomenon which includes Animal Health and the Health of the Plants which the animals and humans consume as food. It is still it is not the complete truth. The complete truth is that the Health of all Living Beings is part of even a bigger phenomenon in which health of air, water and soil is part of this totality. The truth will be very clear if we try to understand the whole phenomenon in this Holistic Way.
In Punjab, our air, water, soil- are full of poisons. The poisons, we are manufacturing and using in our surroundings has made our air, water and soil (‘pawan-guru; paani-pita; maata-dharat mahat) thoroughly sick. They (guru, pita and maata) are dying. Their Life Giving Properties have been weakened. That is why their children-plants, animals and humans are falling sick and dying prematurely. The Plants and Animals have no awareness to stop it but what about us?
The forests have been destroyed en masse. Rain fall is decreasing and becoming unpredictable. We are over using the ground water. The Aquifers at about 30, 70 and 150 feet are already dry. This has happened in just two decades. The toxic surface water has polluted the underlying ground water also. The water of deeper Aquifers is heavy. It is not fit for human consumption. Most of the times, it is unfit for animal drinking and also for agriculture. More over it is fossil water-hundreds of years old. How far will it last? What after that??
Chemical Farming and method of Rice Cultivation has made the soil very hard. Rate of recharging of aquifers from the rain water has grossly decreased. So the dried up Aquifers at 30, 70 and 150 don’t fill up again.
The fertility of the soil is continuously decreasing. The chemical ways of Chemical Farming to keep up the soil fertility are getting exhausted. We have killed the microbes and bigger animals which were not only keeping up but were continuously increasing the fertility of soil. We are not adding any bio mass. We are not returning to the earth what we were supposed to return. We are burning the dry leaves and other types of plant waste. Burning Plant Waste is burning our future. If the natural law is allowed to operate, the soil becomes richer and richer with the production of crops. But we are not allowing the natural law to operate.
In nut shell this is a glimpse of the reality of life in Punjab. The reality is very ugly. We are heading slowly towards final death. All living beings die-that is a natural phenomenon. But this is a special death-we will not be replaced by our next generations. We are trying to kill insects. They are evolutionally much stronger than us. They are equipped much better to tide over the adversity. We will not be able to tolerate the poisons we are using for them.
Shall we be passive spectators to this game which people are calling ENVORONMENTAL GENOCIDE???
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